Monday, March 27, 2023

Inhalacijski kortikosteroidi u usporedbi s placebom za stabilnu kroničnu opstruktivnu bolest pluća (KOPB) Ključne poruke Sami inhalacijski kortikosteroidi vjerojatno smanjuju razbuktavanje kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti (KOPB-a), usporavaju opadanje funkcije pluća (mjereno kao volumen zraka koji možete istisnuti iz pluća u jednoj sekundi) i dovode do manjih poboljšanja u kvaliteti života. Međutim, vjerojatno isto tako povećavaju rizik od upale pluća i nuspojava u ustima i vjerojatno ne poboljšavaju preživljenje. Rezultati idu u prilog potrebi stalnog razmatranja njihove upotrebe u...

Je li metilfenidat učinkovit oblik liječenja za djecu i adolescente s poremećajem pozornosti s hiperaktivnošću (ADHD) i uzrokuje li neželjene učinke? Ključne poruke - Metilfenidat može smanjiti hiperaktivnost i impulzivnost te pomoći djeci pri koncentraciji. Metilfenidat također može poboljšati opće ponašanje, ali čini se da ne utječe na kvalitetu života. - Čini se da metilfenidat ne povećava rizik od ozbiljnih (po život opasnih) nuspojava kada se koristi do šest mjeseci. Međutim, povezuje se s povećanim rizikom od nastanka manje ozbiljnih nuspojava poput problema sa spavanjem i slabijeg...

Intervencije smanjenja tjelesne mase kod preživjelih od karcinoma endometrija Dosadašnje spoznaje Karcinom endometrija ili karcinom maternice česti je karcinom kod žena, a broj slučajeva raste. To se djelomično događa zbog povećanja tjelesne mase koja predstavlja glavni rizik za razvoj bolesti. Dok su izgledi za preživljenje nakon razvoja karcinoma endometrija općenito veliki kod rane dijagnoze, oboljele žene sklonije su ranoj smrti zbog većeg rizika od srčanog i moždanog udara i imaju lošiju kvalitetu života. Koji je cilj ovog sustavnog pregleda? Autori su željeli procijeniti dokaze za...

Je li mastektomija koja štedi kožu učinkovit i siguran kirurški zahvat za liječenje karcinoma dojke? Cilj Cochraneovog sustavnog pregleda Pregledani su dokazi o operacijskoj tehnici koja se naziva mastektomija koja štedi kožu (tj. uklanjanje tkiva dojke uključujući dojku i areolu (koža koja okružuje bradavicu), ali uz očuvanje cijele kože koja prekriva dojku) u usporedbi s konvencionalnom mastektomijom (odnosno uklanjanjem kože koja prekriva dojku uključujući bradavicu i areolu). Ključne poruke Utvrđeno je da se mastektomija koja štedi kožu vjerojatno ne razlikuje od konvencionalne...

On the 20th June 2019, Cochrane members published an overview review in the PAIN Journal on the efficacy of pharmacological interventions for children with chronic pain and cancer-related pain (https://bit.ly/2MMm5UH). The overview summarises the evidence from 23 systematic reviews, including several Cochrane Library reviews from our NIHR Programme Grant (https://papas.cochrane.org/nihr-programme-grant-2014-17). This work also builds on a policy workshop we held in 2018 focussing on this topic (https://bit.ly/2RGOGcK).

 

The overview highlights the lack of available evidence across all drugs aimed at relieving pain in children (just 6 trials of 393 participants). Therefore, we have launched a large dissemination plan to share these findings. We are publishing articles, blogs, newsletters, videos, and co-ordinating a social media campaign to help us start a conversation about the importance of evidence production in children’s pain.

 

We thank everyone who has contributed to this important piece of work. Please do feel free to use these links and distribute them widely to help us improve the science, policy and practice of paediatric pain management.

 

 

Resources

 

• Open access overview in PAIN: https://bit.ly/2MMm5UH and commentary via Ovid

 

• Cochrane Special Collection: https://bit.ly/2IM11ta

 

• Cochrane editorial: https://bit.ly/2YgN5N0

 

• Blogs on this evidence base (or its absence)
  • Pharmacotherapy for treating chronic pain in children: A need for pragmatic idealism; Thomas 2020: https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.13781 (download pdf here)
  • Body in Mind blog https://bit.ly/2Flwtwe
  • The Conversation https://bit.ly/2YeBfmI (also shared on Yahoo News here; and IOL here; and MENAFN here)
  • Evidently Cochrane https://bit.ly/2IPzerQ
  • Press release from University of Bath https://bit.ly/2LjwLYp

 

• Supporting videos
  • Dr Emma Fisher’s summary on YouTube https://bit.ly/2RDldjA
  • University of Bath video summary https://twitter.com/UniofBath/status/1143800625764999169
  • PAIN Journal Editor’s Pick video https://bit.ly/2X7HEUh

 

• Summary of the  impact story so far (2019): https://bit.ly/2ITbzXz

 

• Key people to follow on Twitter (hashtag #timeforchange)
  • @Chris_Eccleston
  • @EmmaFisher1
  • @cochranecollab
  • @CochraneUK
  • @CochraneLibrary
  • @UniofBath

 

Other external links

• Somerset Live: Bath Hospital Trust supports study into drug treatment of chronic pain in children (here)
• Medical Xpress: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• News Medical (Life Sciences): Are Chronic Pain Relief Drugs for Children Effective? (here; also on Medicine News Line here; linked to via BioPortfolio here; and on herenciageneticayenfermedad here); and Study reveals lack of evidence for pediatric drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain (here)
• American News Report: Lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• EurekAlert: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• 7th Space: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• Newswise: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• Physical Therapy Products: Chronic Pain in Kids Needs to Be Studied More, Researchers Urge (here)
• The Independent: Children’s pain is under-researched (here - scroll down to end of page)
• Technology.org: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• BBC 1 West - BBC London News (here; here; here)
• BBC Bristol (here)
• Health Canal: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• Europa Press: in Spanish (here and here)
• The Courier & Advertiser Fife edition: Pain relief for children called into question (here - Press Reader account required)
• Health Medicine Network: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• ScienMag: Researchers Reveal Lack Of Evidence For Drugs Prescribed To Treat Chronic Pain In Children (here)
• Science Codex: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)
• Bioengineer.org: Researchers Reveal Lack Of Evidence For Drugs Prescribed To Treat Chronic Pain In Children (here)
• Bright Surf: Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children (here)

  The story continues...

In 2020, Professor Christopher Eccleston, Dr Emma Fisher, and others produced The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health Commission’s report to address paediatric pain and recommend what more can be done to help children and young people: https://www.thelancet.com/commission/paediatric-pain

More links related to the Lancet launch in October 2020:

• Versus Arthritis news
• University of Bath press announcement
• The New York Times: Respecting Children’s Pain
• Artist Shaniah Barry - You can't see my pain
• Video Abstract: Delivering transformative action in paediatric pain
• The Lancet: Paediatric pain management in low-income and middle-income countries
• Follow on Twitter @LancetChildAdol
• Dalhousie University news

 

And continues...

In December 2020, the WHO published Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in children: access here.

Our Cochrane Reviews contributed to the guideline and Dr Emma Fisher led the review of effectiveness.

Overview (taken from the guideline)

In these guidelines, the World Health Organization (WHO) provides evidence-informed recommendations for the management of chronic pain in children. The recommendations are based on the most current, high-quality scientific evidence, and were formulated following processes and using methods that meet the highest international standards for guideline development. The recommendations in this guideline are based on systematic reviews of the evidence on benefits, harms, acceptability and feasibility, as well as on equity and resource considerations. The recommendations were formulated by the Guideline Development Group, consisting of individuals with diverse expertise and experiences and with global representation. 

The purpose of this guideline is to assist WHO Member States and their partners in developing and implementing national and local policies, regulations, pain management protocols and best practices. It will help countries balance concerns about ensuring access to appropriate therapies for pain relief with the harms arising from misuse of medications and other potential adverse effects of interventions for pain management. 

These guidelines focus on physical, psychological and pharmacological interventions for the management of primary and secondary chronic pain in children 0 to 19 years of age.

Wednesday, March 22, 2023

Specifications: Maternity cover (12 months)
Salary:  £49,000 per annum
Location: UK or Denmark (based in either the London or Copenhagen office)
Directorate: Publishing and Technology
Closing date: April 06 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane's members and supporters come from more than 190 countries. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Product Owner (PO) ensures that the Scrum team works efficiently on stories that maximize value for Cochrane in an agile development process, and is primarily focusing on the development of the new web-based Cochrane review authoring tool RevMan.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
• The deadline to receive your application is 6th April, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Wednesday, March 22, 2023 Category: Jobs

Rehabilitacija temeljena na vježbanju za plućnu hipertenziju Ključne poruke Kod osoba s plućnom hipertenzijom koje su medicinski stabilne, rehabilitacija temeljena na vježbanju najvjerojatnije je sigurna i poboljšava kvalitetu života. Dokazi upućuju na to da rehabilitacija temeljena na vježbanju može rezultirati znatnim povećanjem kapaciteta vježbanja i smanjenjem srednjeg plućnog arterijskog tlaka. Što je plućna hipertenzija? Plućna hipertenzija je stanje u kojem je krvni tlak arterija koje prenose krv od srca do pluća znatno povišen u usporedbi s normalnim tlakom. Bolest se razvija...

Tuesday, March 21, 2023

Specifications: 12-month fixed term
Salary:  £37,000 per annum
Location: Flexible; can be based anywhere
Directorate:  Evidence Pipeline and Data Curation Team, Publishing and Technology Directorate
Closing date: April 11 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane's members and supporters come from more than 190 countries. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The purpose of this role is to support the study identification stages critical in the production of Cochrane evidence. To enable this, we have developed the Cochrane Evidence Pipeline. The Evidence Pipeline aims to combine traditional search and retrieval processes with machine learning and crowdsourcing to expedite the study identification process and better enable the recuse of data.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
• The deadline to receive your application is 11th April, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Monday, March 20, 2023 Category: Jobs

We are delighted to share that Cochrane’s first open access journal, Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods, has published its first articles.

Working in conjunction with our publisher, Wiley, this journal strengthens Cochrane’s ability to meet our stakeholders’ needs and publish different types of evidence synthesis beyond systematic reviews. It also includes methods research evaluating how evidence syntheses is planned, produced and disseminated, and research articles on critical areas for evidence synthesis, such as, priority setting, consumer involvement, and research integrity.  

With the launch Editorial New directions beyond the boundaries of evidence synthesis, Michael Brown (Editor, Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods) and Ella Flemyng (Editorial Product Lead, Cochrane) discuss the scope and ethos of the journal, and how they hope the journal will contribute to the field.

Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods’ first published paper is the rapid review on the effect of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of people with post-COVID-19, which is an exemplar for the types of rapid reviews we will feature. The authors, led by KM Saif-Ur-Rahman and Declan Devane (University in Galway, Ireland), worked closely with the World Health Organization, to ensure that the rapid review was relevant, timely and narrowly focused on therapeutic questions that directly apply to health care decisions.

Want to join the journal’s growing community?

• Sign up for content alerts so you never miss a new article
• Find out how to submit
• Register to be a peer reviewer (by creating an account in our Scholar 1 system)

Want to learn more about Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods?

Michael Brown and Ella Flemyng recently discussed why Cochrane launched a new journal, what its aim is, and how people from across the community can get involved.

 

Monday, March 20, 2023

Injekcije anti-vaskularnog endotelnog faktora rasta za uznapredovalu dijabetičku retinopatiju Istraživačko pitanje Pomažu li injekcije (sa ili bez laserskog tretmana) anti-vaskularnog endotelnog faktora rasta (anti-VEGF) osobama s uznapredovalom dijabetičkom retinopatijom u očuvanju vida i sprječavanja napretka bolesti? Je li ovakvo liječenje sigurno? Ključne poruke · Anti-VEGF lijekovi (u kombinaciji sa ili bez lasera) poboljšavaju vid, ali stupanj poboljšanja nije klinički značajan. Ti lijekovi smanjuju nastanak novih krvnih žila, krvarenje, ali i potrebu za uklanjanjem staklastog tijela...

Specifications: Fixed Term – 1 Year (Full Time, Open for Part-Time Role as well)
Salary: £35K per annum  
Location: Ideally based in the UK, Germany or Denmark. Candidates from the rest of the world will be considered; however, Cochrane’s Central Executive Team is only able to offer consultancy contracts outside these countries (1-year fixed-term contracts)
Directorate: Evidence Production & Methods
Closing date: 27 March 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane's members and supporters come from more than 190 countries. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Future of Evidence Synthesis (FES) is a critical programme of work for Cochrane over the next 3-5 years. Successful delivery is essential for Cochrane’s future and sustainability. A core component of the new production model is the creation of Cochrane Evidence Synthesis Units (ESU) and Thematic Groups (TG). This role will work closely with the Head of Change Management, to 1) create, launch and manage the initial application process for Evidence Synthesis Units and 2) revise the application process and launch a second round for Thematic Groups and help to manage the initial stages of the ESU and TG pilots.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
• The deadline to receive your application is 27th  March 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Thursday, March 16, 2023 Category: Jobs

Koje su dobrobiti i rizici korištenja fenobarbitala za sprječavanje krvarenja u mozgu kod prerano rođenih beba? Ključne poruke • Davanje fenobarbitala (lijeka koji se koristi za kontrolu napadaja) prerano rođenim bebama može imati mali ili nikakav učinak u sprječavanju intraventrikularnog krvarenja (krvarenja u mozgu) i smrti. • Dokazi o učinku fenobarbitala na sprječavanje ventrikularne dilatacije (širenje dijelova mozga) i dugoročnog razvoja mozga vrlo su nesigurni. Što je krvarenje u mozgu (intraventrikularno krvarenje)? Obilna krvarenja u središtu mozga mogu uzrokovati invalidnost ili...

Tuesday, March 14, 2023

Botulinski toksin za liječenje strabizma Ključne poruke Zbog nedostatka čvrstih dokaza, nisu sigurni korisni i štetni učinci botulinskog toksina u usporedbi s operacijom za liječenje strabizma. Cilj Cochraneovog sustavnog pregleda Cilj je bio utvrditi je li za liječenje strabizma bolji botulinski toksin od operacije. Također se željelo utvrditi je li botulinski toksin povezan s nuspojavama. Što je strabizam? Strabizam nastaje kada oči nisu usklađene. Obično je smjer otklona jednog oka prema nosu ili prema sljepoočnici. Otklon je rjeđe prema gore ili dolje. Strabizam se također naziva...

Terapija za liječenje majmunskih boginja Cilj Cochraneovog sustavnog pregleda Ne postoje lijekovi licencirani isključivo za liječenje majmunskih boginja, no neki lijekovi koji jesu licencirani za liječenje sličnih virusnih infekcija, poput malih boginja, odobreni su za liječenje majmunskih boginja tijekom epidemije. Učinci tih lijekova još nisu proučavani u randomiziranim ispitivanjima kod osoba oboljelih od majmunskih boginja. Randomizirana ispitivanja uključuju najmanje dvije skupine za liječenje, jednu koja je primala lijek i jednu koja je primala placebo, u kojima su ispitanici nasumično...

Koji su korisni, a koji štetni učinci antibiotika za akutni bakterijski konjunktivitis? Ključne poruke Topikalni antibiotici mogu poboljšati znakove i simptome, kao i ukloniti bakterije kod ispitanika s akutnim bakterijskim konjunktivitisom. Međutim, neki antibiotici mogu izazvati nuspojave na očima ili kapcima; ne postoje dokazi koji upućuju na to da antibiotici uzrokuju neželjene učinke u drugim dijelovima tijela. Što je akutni bakterijski konjunktivitis? Akutni bakterijski konjuktivitis stanje je u kojem tanki sloj preko bijelog područja i unutarnje sluznice kapaka jednog ili oba oka...

Individualno prilagođene aktivnosti u dugotrajnoj skrbi za osobe s demencijom Koje su prednosti aktivnosti prilagođenih interesima i sklonostima osoba s demencijom koje žive u domovima za starije i nemoćne osobe? Što je proučavano u ovom sustavnom pregledu? Osobe s demencijom koje žive u domovima za starije i nemoćne često imaju puno slobodnog vremena. Aktivnosti koje su im dostupne možda im neće biti značajne. Kada bi osoba s demencijom imala priliku sudjelovanja u aktivnostima koje odgovaraju njezinim osobnim interesima i sklonostima, to bi moglo dovesti do bolje kvalitete života, smanjiti...

 

The Cochrane Review 'Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses' was published in January 2023 and has been widely misinterpreted.

Karla Soares-Weiser, Editor-in-Chief of the Cochrane Library, has responded on behalf of Cochrane:

  

Many commentators have claimed that a recently-updated Cochrane Review shows that 'masks don't work', which is an inaccurate and misleading interpretation.

It would be accurate to say that the review examined whether interventions to promote mask wearing help to slow the spread of respiratory viruses, and that the results were inconclusive. Given the limitations in the primary evidence, the review is not able to address the question of whether mask-wearing itself reduces people's risk of contracting or spreading respiratory viruses. 

The review authors are clear on the limitations in the abstract: 'The high risk of bias in the trials, variation in outcome measurement, and relatively low adherence with the interventions during the studies hampers drawing firm conclusions.' Adherence in this context refers to the number of people who actually wore the provided masks when encouraged to do so as part of the intervention. For example, in the most heavily-weighted trial of interventions to promote community mask wearing, 42.3% of people in the intervention arm wore masks compared to 13.3% of those in the control arm. 

The original Plain Language Summary for this review stated that 'We are uncertain whether wearing masks or N95/P2 respirators helps to slow the spread of respiratory viruses based on the studies we assessed.' This wording was open to misinterpretation, for which we apologize. While scientific evidence is never immune to misinterpretation, we take responsibility for not making the wording clearer from the outset. We are engaging with the review authors with the aim of updating the Plain Language Summary and abstract to make clear that the review looked at whether interventions to promote mask wearing help to slow the spread of respiratory viruses.

• Read  the Cochrane Review 'Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses'

Friday, March 10, 2023