Thursday, June 20, 2024

Topikalni fluoridi kao uzrok dentalne fluoroze kod djece Je li upotreba topikalnih fluorida u ranom djetinjstvu povezana s pojavom mrlja na zubima? Ključne poruke Postoje neki dokazi da visoke razine fluora (1000 dijelova na milijun (ppm) ili više) u pasti za zube koja se daje djeci od 1 do 2 godine starosti mogu biti povezane s povećanim rizikom od dentalne fluoroze (mrlja/promjena boje) kod trajnih zubi. Dokazi o riziku od nastanka dentalne fluoroze na trajnim zubima nisu uvjerljivi kada je riječ o tome kada bi djeca trebala započeti s pranjem zubi, koliku količinu paste koristiti i koliko...

Peritonealna dijaliza u odnosu na hemodijalizu za osobe koje započinju dugotrajnu dijalizu Ključne poruke - Postojeća istraživanja ne pružaju dovoljno dokaza za donošenje sigurnih zaključaka o relativnim učincima peritonealne dijalize i hemodijalize na zdravstvene ishode za osobe sa zatajenjem bubrega. - Kako je većina rezultata došla iz opservacijskih, a ne iz randomiziranih istraživanja, ostaje neizvjesno koje su relativne koristi i štete od peritonejske dijalize i hemodijalize. - Rezultati su ograničeni u generalizaciji zbog vrlo različitih obrazaca kliničke prakse, kriterija podobnosti...

Liječenje teškog zatvora kod djece Ključne poruke • Može postojati mala ili nikakva razlika između lubiprostona i placeba (lažne terapije) u postizanju uspjeha liječenja kod djece s teškom konstipacijom. Lubiproston je vjerojatno jednako siguran kao placebo. • Vjerojatno postoji mala ili nikakva razlika između prukaloprida, također laksativa, i placeba u učestalosti defekacije po danu, uspješnosti liječenja i sigurnosti. • Nije jasno je li bilo koji drugi oblik liječenja koji smo promatrali od pomoći. Dokazi su nesigurni zbog vrlo malog broja sudionika i problema s načinom na koji su...

Tuesday, June 18, 2024

Friday, June 14, 2024

Cochrane, JBI, Guidelines International Network (GIN), and The Campbell Collaboration are set to host the second Global Evidence Summit (GES) in the historic city of Prague from 10 to 13 September 2024. This summit will bring together professionals from various sectors, including health, education, social justice, environment, and climate change, to discuss and inform policy and practice through evidence. Registration is still open.

With approximately 70 long oral presentations, 456 short oral presentations, 60 workshops, 25 special sessions, and 1000+ posters accepted this year, they will be a cornerstone of the GES programme, facilitating deep exploration of topics and encouraging future collaborations. Emphasising accessible presentations and posters aims to enhance knowledge transfer, particularly for non-native English speakers and individuals facing challenges related to disabilities or neurodivergence.

This year, GES introduces innovative poster and PowerPoint presentation designs based on the work of a diverse team from IPG Health (Emily Messina, James Wells, Noofa Hannan, and Anja Petersen), Zen Faulkes, author of Better Posters, and Mike Morrison, the psychologist behind the viral #BetterPoster movement. These templates incorporate the latest research in instructional design, accessibility, and eye tracking. Tested at the Cochrane Colloquium 2023, the poster templates received positive feedback for improving engagement and communication. Attendees found the posters with large figures and minimal text to be more engaging, memorable, and easier to understand.

Mike Morrison commented on the initiative, saying, "These poster and presentation templates are a significant step towards making scientific communication more insightful for attendees, more impactful for presenters, and more accessible to everyone. We know from several studies — including 'real world' testing at last year's Cochrane colloquium — that these templates make a difference, and I am excited to see their reach expand further at the GES."

Cochrane CEO Catherine Spencer added, "We are thrilled to adopt these templates at the Global Evidence Summit. This initiative underscores Cochrane's commitment to enhancing the dissemination of evidence and fostering impactful discussions. We believe these evidenced-based templates will significantly improve the experience for all participants." Cochrane members are reminded that they can request Cochrane group logos from support@cochrane.org, colour codes for groups are on page 81 of the brand guidelines, and there is picture selection guidance available.

Everyone is encouraged to download and adapt the free poster and presentation templates for their own use, whether presenting at the GES or any other academic event.

• Download the poster template
• Learn more about posters at GES
• Download the presentation template
• Learn more about presentations at GES

Wednesday, July 10, 2024

A new Cochrane review highlights the significant association between undernutrition and tuberculosis (TB) disease, shedding light on its prognostic value in predicting TB incidence among adults, adolescents, and children.

The review, which analyzed data from 51 cohort studies involving over 27 million participants across diverse settings, reveals that undernutrition probably doubles the risk of TB disease. This association, particularly evident within 10 years from the onset of undernutrition, underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address undernutrition as part of broader TB prevention strategies.

Undernutrition, characterized by factors such as low body mass index (BMI) emerges as a key risk factor for TB infection and progression. Malnutrition compromises the immune system, reducing the body's ability to fight off infections, including TB. Individuals who are malnourished have weakened immune responses, making them more susceptible to the TB bacterium and less capable of containing latent infections. In 2022 alone, undernutrition contributed to an estimated 2.2 million TB cases worldwide, as documented in the World Health Organization's Global Tuberculosis Report.

Lead author of the review and lead of the Cochrane evidence synthesis group at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Juan Franco, says, “By quantifying this risk, we can more accurately estimate the burden of TB disease attributable to undernutrition. This information informs the planning of policies based on the burden of risk factors across different regions of the world.”

The impact of quantifying the relationship between undernutrition and TB provides evidence-based guidance for policymakers to allocate resources effectively, design targeted interventions, and implement comprehensive TB prevention strategies. For doctors and patients, it highlights the importance of nutritional assessments and interventions in TB care and prevention.

The findings from the review suggest that public health policies in countries with high TB burdens must prioritize nutritional support as a core component of TB control programs.

“By addressing undernutrition, these policies can reduce TB incidence, improve treatment outcomes, and contribute to overall health improvements in these populations,” Franco notes.

Despite the clear link between undernutrition and TB disease risk, challenges persist in standardizing diagnostic methods and accounting for confounding factors. The review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to obtain accurate estimates of undernutrition's impact on TB across different populations and settings.

Juan Franco emphasizes the vital role of international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the WHO TB Programme, in implementing the review’s findings. "Evidence-based policies addressing food insecurity and malnutrition are urgently needed," he explains. 

"Undernutrition manifests differently worldwide, influenced by various social determinants of health. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but addressing societal inequalities is always a good starting point. Treating undernutrition, along with reducing other TB risk factors, is essential not only to lower the TB burden but also to achieve overall well-being." 

By focusing on the dual burden of undernutrition and TB, this Cochrane review underscores the importance of integrating nutritional support into TB control programs to achieve better health outcomes globally.

Thursday, June 13, 2024

Thursday, June 13, 2024

Specifications: Full Time (Permanent role)
Salary: £90,000 per annum
Location: Remote working (international travel and attendance at in-person meetings in London will be expected)
Application closing date:  Wednesday 26 June 2024. The recruitment agency will be longlisting applications as soon as they receive them, so please apply early to register your interest.

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development and External Relations, Chief Executive Office, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Director of Development and External Relations is a key leadership position within Cochrane, responsible for shaping and implementing the organization's external engagement strategy and attracting donors.

As Director of Development and External Relations for Cochrane, you will be a global ambassador for the charity and a vital part of the Executive Leadership Team. You will build and develop relationships with key stakeholders across the global health landscape, enabling the generation of income, advocate for evidence-informed decision making and foster meaningful partnerships.

Reporting directly to the Chief Executive Officer, you will play a pivotal role in advancing Cochrane's global impact and ensuring the charity’s sustainability. You will be responsible for increasing Cochrane’s income. and reputation and influence among key audiences including funders and policymakers. You will lead a directorate responsible for fundraising, advocacy, partnerships, communications and Cochrane Response, our global health consultancy.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

You can expect:

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally.
• A flexible work environment.
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences.
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences.

How to apply

• View the full job description.
  
• Apply through our recruitment partner, Prospectus.
• Please submit your application by 26 June 2024.
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement.

 

Wednesday, June 12, 2024 Category: Jobs

Koje su koristi i rizici intervencija za povećanje vremena provedenog na otvorenom u svrhu prevencije pojave i napretka miopije (kratkovidnosti) kod djece? Ključne poruke Intervencija za provođenje više vremena vani potencijalno može smanjiti pojavu miopije. Međutim, nismo sigurni može li intervencija smanjiti napredak miopije. Što je miopija? Miopija ili kratkovidnost je bolest u kojoj pojedinci jasno vide predmete u blizini, ali objekti na daljinu izgledaju zamagljeno. Posljednjih godina miopija je postala veliki javnozdravstveni problem u cijelom svijetu. Miopija je glavni uzrok lošeg...

Učinci uklanjanja bubrega u kombinaciji s lijekovima kod osoba s rakom bubrega koji se proširio na druge dijelove tijela Ključne poruke • Osobe koje su imale operaciju uklanjanja bubrega nakon primanja imunoterapije interferonom (lijek koji pomaže imunološkom sustavu u borbi protiv raka) vjerojatno žive dulje od onih koje su primale imunoterapiju interferonom bez operacije uklanjanja bubrega. • Osobe koje se odmah podvrgnu operaciji uklanjanja bubrega, a zatim primaju terapiju inhibitorom tirozin kinaze (lijek koji prepoznaje i napada specifične vrste stanica raka) mogu živjeti kraće od onih...

Cochrane's strength lies in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane Geographic Groups represent Cochrane in their host countries, advocating for the use of Cochrane evidence in health policy and practice, and supporting Cochrane's members and supporters locally. Here, we spotlight the impactful work of the Cochrane Africa Network, dedicated to increasing the use of best evidence to inform healthcare decision-making across Africa. 

Cochrane Africa was officially launched at the Global Evidence Summit in Cape Town in 2017, building on partnerships across Africa dating back to the 1990s. The network comprises a Co-ordinating Hub in South Africa based at the Health Systems Research Unit at the South African Medical Research Council; a Francophone Hub directed from Cochrane Cameroon; a Southern African Hub directed from the Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare at Stellenbosch University, South Africa; an East African Hub directed from Cochrane Kenya; and a West African Hub directed from Cochrane Nigeria. The network's main objectives are to deliver timely, high-quality responses to priority questions relevant to global health and sub-Saharan Africa, build capacity to conduct Cochrane Reviews, advocate for evidence-informed decision-making, and increase access to and usability of Cochrane products. Cochrane Africa’s current projects include the Global Evidence Local Adaptation (GELA) project, Cochrane Africa Authorship Guidelines, priority setting to identify review topics for each region, and translation of Cochrane review plain language summaries.

The GELA project, established in 2022 and funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, aims to enhance evidence-informed guideline recommendations for newborn and young child health. By engaging with stakeholders, GELA has identified local priorities and capacity needs, supporting decision-makers in developing and implementing country-specific guidelines.

"Cochrane Africa's work through the GELA project maximises the impact of evidence for poverty-related diseases by increasing the capacity of decision-makers and researchers to use global research for locally relevant guidelines," says Solange Durão, Cochrane Africa Co-Director. This initiative builds on a large-scale programme of child-health guideline development led by the World Health Organization, with adaptation and implementation led by the WHO Afro regional office, country offices, and national ministries. Via the GELA project Cochrane Africa collaborates with several international partners, including the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Stellenbosch University, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Cochrane, and the MAGIC Evidence Ecosystem Foundation. 

The network's work has significantly impacted healthcare practices, policies, and knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in TB, HIV, and COVID-19. Through capacity-building initiatives, Cochrane Africa has developed a robust field of evidence-based healthcare on the continent, with many current leaders in the region being graduates of these training programmes. Cochrane Africa also has a long-term collaboration as part of the READ-It project which is based at the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group. Up to 2023, READ-It has contributed to: 13 global policies or guidelines; 9 national policies or guidelines; 73 high-impact systematic reviews; 10 method topic areas; and specifically published 29 high-impact reviews or methods papers led by authors from low- and middle-income countries.

Looking ahead, the Cochrane Africa Network is excited about hosting the Cochrane Africa Indaba in 2025, an international evidence-based health care conference. It will be led by the East Africa Hub at Cochrane Kenya. "Our future projects will continue to build on our strong foundation, advancing evidence-informed decision-making and improving healthcare outcomes across Africa. We're especially excited for the anticipated 2025 Cochrane Africa Indaba and our training workshops and fellowship programmes. The network also has a long history of developing capacity in Africa to conduct Cochrane and other systematic reviews and develop the field of evidence-based healthcare on the continent. Some of the current leadership in Africa are ‘graduates’ of these training initiatives - and we are looking forward to helping create the next generation of leaders! " notes Tamara Kredo, Cochrane Africa Co-Director.

Cochrane Africa welcomes support and collaboration to amplify their impact. If you are interested in contributing to their mission as authors of Cochrane systematic reviews, identifying priorities for future reviews, participating in research projects, raising awareness about Cochrane in your scientific community, writing summaries or commentaries on Cochrane Africa Reviews, or helping to secure funding for their activities, please fill out a short form.

• Visit the Cochrane Africa website
• Follow Cochrane Africa on X
• Follow the GELA project on Facebook
• Find a Cochrane group in your country
  
  

Friday, July 5, 2024

Koji su dobrobiti i rizici korištenja simpatičkih blokatora za liječenje boli uzrokovane rakom u trbuhu i/ili zdjelici? Ključne poruke Nije pronađeno dovoljno dokaza za utvrđivanje prednosti blokatora simpatikusa u odnosu na ‚uobičajenu njegu’ kod ublažavanja bolova. Rizik od štetnih učinaka nije jasan. Ne postoji dovoljno dokaza ni o poboljšanju ili smanjenju kvalitete života. Buduća bi se istraživanja trebala usredotočiti na različite vrste simpatičkih blokatora koji trenutačno nisu zastupljeni u istraživanjima. Što je stalna bol uzrokovana inoperabilnim karcinomom abdomena i zdjelice?...

Koji tretmani za svrbež nakon opeklina postoje i koliko su učinkoviti? Ključne poruke Neuromodulatorni agensi, kao što su gabapentin i pregabalin, su lijekovi koji mogu pomoći u upravljanju načinom na koji tijelo osjeća i reagira na svrbež. Ovi lijekovi mogu smanjiti svrbež nakon opeklina u usporedbi s oralnim antihistaminicima. Fizički modaliteti liječenja su pokazali različitu učinkovitost u smanjenju svrbeža nakon opeklina. Terapija masažom i izvantjelesna terapija udarnim valom vjerojatno smanjuju svrbež nakon opeklina u usporedbi s relevantnim kontrolama, dok terapeutski dodir može...

Cochrane's strength lies in its collaborative, global community. Cochrane Geographic Groups represent Cochrane in their host country, advocate for the use of high-quality evidence syntheses in health policy and practice, and support Cochrane's members and supporters who live there. Here, we spotlight the impactful work of Cochrane Austria, dedicated to advancing evidence-based healthcare practices in their country.

Cochrane Austria officially opened as a Cochrane branch in 2010, at the University for Continuing Education Krems. They hosted the 2015 Cochrane Colloquium in Vienna and were awarded full centre status in  2017. With nearly 500 members and supporters, Cochrane Austria aims to support evidence-based decision-making in Austria and other German-speaking countries and build capacity through training activities.

Cochrane Austria Advisory Board Meeting in Krems 2023

Cochrane Austria undertakes various projects to improve health-related decisions by providing access to the best available evidence for citizens, health care providers, and policy decision-makers. They operate the fact-checking platform, Medizin Transparent.at, which evaluates the accuracy of health-related information in the media. This free service enables German-speaking citizens, healthcare providers, and decision-makers to critically analyze health-related information they encounter in the media, attracting about 2 million visitors annually. Cochrane Austria also runs a rapid response service for healthcare professionals, funded by the State Health Agency of Lower Austria. This service provides rapid, evidence-based answers to clinical questions, ensuring that physicians and nurses in Austria can make well-informed decisions.

"There is a lot of misinformation in the media and even healthcare professionals can struggle to find trustworthy evidence. Cochrane Austria's knowledge translation efforts are making a significant impact on evidence-based decision making for citizens, patients, and healthcare providers in Austria," says Dr. Barbara Nußbaumer-Streit, Cochrane Austria Co-Director.

Alexandru and Larisa from Romania, Petter from Sweden, Piotr from Poland, and Raphaela from Sweden.

Training and upskilling the evidence synthesis skills in Austria is another major focus for Cochrane Austria. They provide regular training in methods of evidence-based medicine, such as critical appraisal of studies, interpreting statistics, doing systematic literature searches, and applying the GRADE approach. In 2024, Cochrane Austria launched a PhD program in "Applied Evidence Synthesis in Health Research" at the University for Continuing Education Krems. The program integrates the Cochrane International Mobility programme, allowing PhD students to benefit from the expertise of other Cochrane Centres.

"Cochrane Austria is equipping the next generation of researchers with a profound understanding of evidence-based medicine and the intricate methodologies involved in evidence synthesis. We are excited to play a pivotal role in shaping this promising future," notes Dr. Gerald Gartlehner, Cochrane Austria Co-Director. 

Cochrane Austria is co-convenor of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group and Cochrane Public Health Europe, collaborates with several international partners, including the American College of Physicians, and the World Health Organization, and also support Cochrane Romania as an Affiliate Centre. These collaborations enhance the impact of their work and ensure the dissemination and uptake of Cochrane evidence. In May 2024, Cochrane Austria organized a meeting of all European Cochrane geographic groups in Vienna to foster and strengthen collaborations within Europe. 

Members of 18 Countries joined the European Cochrane Meeting in May 2024 in Vienna

Through projects like the European Health and Digital Executive Agency collaboration, Cochrane Austria supports EU Member States in decision-making on national vaccination programs. Additionally, as a WHO Collaborating Centre, Cochrane Austria members contributed to a systematic review that formed the basis for a global WHO guideline on preventing bloodstream infections from catheter use.

"Our collaboration with the WHO highlights our dedication to enhancing healthcare decision-making not only in Austria but also on a global scale. We are eager to contribute our expertise to these important projects," says Dr. Barara Nußbaumer-Streit.

Andreea Dobrescu, Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit, Gerald Gartlehner at the Guideline Development Meeting at WHO in Geneva in 2023

Cochrane Austria is excited about involving new PhD students in the Cochrane network, hosting Cochrane International Mobility programme participants, and continuing their knowledge translation and capacity-building activities. For those interested in contributing to Cochrane Austria's mission, please contact Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit at barbara.nussbaumer-streit@donau-uni.ac.at. There are numerous opportunities to get involved and make a difference in the field of evidence-based healthcare!

• Visit the Cochrane Austria website
• Follow Cochrane Austria on social media: 
  • LinkedIn
  • Instagram
• Search and view Cochrane evidence in German
• Find a Cochrane Geographic Group in your country

Wednesday, June 19, 2024

Koje su prednosti i rizici korištenja metformina u liječenju kronične bubrežne bolesti? Ključne poruke - Ovaj sustavni pregled nije pronašao dovoljno dokaza koji ukazuju na to da metformin ima ikakav učinak na funkciju bubrega. Naša su otkrića možda bila ograničena činjenicom da je većina istraživanja koje smo promatrali provedena na dvije specifične populacije pacijenata (oni s cističnom bubrežnom bolešću ili dijabetesom) i često nisu u potpunosti prikazivala učinke na funkciju bubrega. - Potrebni su daljnji dokazi u vidu velikih, dobro osmišljenih randomiziranih ispitivanja kako bi se...

Monday, June 3, 2024

Djeluju li imitacije lijekova protiv vaskularnog čimbenika rasta, odnosno VEGF-a (bioslični lijekovi) kao i izvorni lijekovi protiv VEGF-a kod osoba s neovaskularnom starosnom makularnom degeneracijom? Ključne poruke Imitacije (bioslični lijekovi, biosimilari) antivaskularnih endotelnih čimbenika rasta djeluju jednako kao i izvorni lijekovi protiv vaskularnog čimbenika rasta (anti-VEGF) kada se koriste u rasponu od godine dana kod liječenja neovaskularne starosne makularne degeneracije (engl. neovascular age-related macular degeneration, nAMD). Bioslični lijekovi protiv vaskularnog čimbenika...

Title: Team PA (CEO office)
Specifications: Permanent – Full time
Salary: £30,000 per annum
Location: Remote working (UK office located in Central London)
Closing date: 14 June 2024

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, Chief Executive Office and Finance and Corporate Services.

This varied role will work closely with the Executive Support Manager to provide effective and efficient administrative support to the CEO’s Office, including PA support to the CEO. The CEO’s Office encompasses Strategy, Governance, Geographic Groups, Communications and Cochrane’s Project Team. The Team PA role will provide support, to a greater or lesser extent, to all these areas. It will also provide ad hoc support to special projects, where required. This is a new role and will require a flexible approach. This role could be based anywhere in the world but would be required to work European hours.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values:
Collaboration: Underpins everything we do, locally and globally.
Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format.
Integrity: Independent and transparent.
Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.

You can expect:

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally.
• A flexible work environment.
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences.
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences.

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations, and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and click “how to apply”.
• The deadline to receive your application is 14 June, 2024.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Friday, May 31, 2024 Category: Jobs